Jury Duty Essay Example For Students

Jury Duty Essay Jury system is a trial system that twelve citizens decide whether defendants are guilty ornot. The verdictis unanimous. The jurors are all laypersons , as far as law is concerned. There is a reasonfor unanimousverdict. If one jury is against the verdict,it is regarded as being room for doubt. Advantages of jury systemare direct participation of American people, conventional judgement by people, fair stageof investigation,resistance against polictics and judical plot, and making of democratic consciousness. For example, if apublic prosecutor submit unlawful proof without trial permission, counsel makes anobjection to it. A chiefjudge cant admit counsels objection. Defendant is at a disadvantage. However, there is apossibility thatjury system will check rotting of trial. Jurors need not explain reason of verdict to court. If juries feel wayof investigation is dirty and viorate human rights, they can decide the defendant isinnocnt. In short, jurorscan decide defendant is innocent even if a public prosecutor has disadvantageous proofsfor the defendant. Juries who are representative of citizen make the decision value about proof. But, JeromeFrank, one ofdelegates of legal realists, criticized jury system in Law ; the Modern Mind, 1930. Alot of verdicts areirresponsible juries products of caprice and prejudice, for example, the defendant is a richcorporation, theplaintiff is a poor boy and the counsel is an eloquent speaker. Such facts often decide whowins or loses. He characterizes that juries have tendency to like weak people and hate strong people. Jury system seemsto have many problems. A sophisticated and rich person, a person of position and a busybusinessman donot want to become a juror, because juries are bound for all trial period and thereforeperson who canafford time for trial can become a juror, such as a housewife, an old person and anunemployed person. Asa result jurors who have not even seen stock averages are to make the decision for animportant anddifficult case involved in the Antimonoply Law. It is said that citizens ability to executefor jurys duty isthe problem. But I do not think so. There are not scientific grounds for their abilities.It isa prejudice.Lawdegree and no proper ability to serve as a juror are not closely connected. Perhaps higheducational degreemay become an obstacle of conventional judgement. It is said that Japanese companiesalways lose thelawsuit, because American juries have prejudice against Japanese. Do you think it is true?The answer isNO.The probability of winnig a suit, by a jury who r epresents American citizen, was fiftyto one hundred indata from 1980 to 95. To my surprise, American juries do not seem to matter nationality. After all,hypothesis that American juries have preconception against Japanese and Japanesecompanies always losesuit is not right. Moreover, hypothesis that juries are emotional and sympathize withdefendant, and as aresult the opinion that big companies always loses suit is groundless. The cause ofdistrust in jury systemis probably connected to the way of news reports by mass media. Mass media reportsminus images. Thegeneral public believe it is the real image in spite of successful verdicts. The present ageis the one of aninformation-intensive society. Many people are influenced by the mass media. If thosepeople who haveprejudice happen to see a juror who gives a big yawn or dozes during trial, minus imagegeneralizes withconviction. Let me give you a concrete example. Under sensational headline ofnewspapers, mass mediareports great costs of jury trials as if every trial by a jury costs a lot. I agree with the ideaof jury system. Itis very good that American people participate in judi cature. But, many people take acritical attitude towardthe jury system. I never think that they are wrong. They may say We had better entrusttrial to trainedjudge. However, meaning of jury systems existence is to stick to common sense ofcitizens. Providingwhether the man is innocent or not by legal rights all people can exercise is permitted ismore importantthan the fact whether the man is innocent or not.

London and Composed upon Westminster Bridge Essay Example

London and Composed upon Westminster Bridge Paper The two poems, London and Composed upon Westminster Bridge, show two different perspectives of the city and its inhabitants. Both poems illustrate the poets views on London which are quite diverse yet still have similarities in their respective outlooks. London portrays Blakes views about the city and the people that inhabit it as a direct comment on the oppressive, industrialised, hierarchical society in which it was written, emphasizing some of the key themes of the poem including suffering, corruption and devastation. In comparison we see the poem Composed upon Westminster Bridge in a very different light. It demonstrates the beauty of the city and its freedom describing London as a majestic sight. These poets from the Romantic period in literature believed that children were innocent and uncorrupted, vulnerable yet a source of hope, A child more than all other gifts that earth can offer to declining man, bring hope with it, and forward-looking thoughts. Both poets convey their anger and concern about the corruptive influence that the older and more powerful members of society had on the rest of the population. This concern is mirrored in their style of writing as both poets believed in making their poetry accessible to the ordinary and less educated members of society and did this successfully by using simple and un-elaborate diction. Wordsworth effectively uses the technique of personification in order to portray the false fai ade the city presents in the absence of people. This is evident when Wordsworth writes, The City now doth like a garment, wear the beauty of the morning; silent, bare. This delivers the idea that the morning symbolizes a false representation of London as well as his use of a simile that delineates it as a cloak, hiding the true meaning. This suggests that the beauty and calm are illusory and conceal the pain and suffering beneath. I feel that the word bare is significant as it symbolises the lack of people, whilst creating a calm, idealistic place free from all the bounds society, a world much sought after by the romantics. It is a powerful image at odds with the mo dern world. It is interesting that the idea of bareness, in the poets mind, relates to hope and opportunity. In the overcrowded modern day London, the notion of opportunity relates more to the busy and efficient nature of the place than the emptiness. This is associated heavily to a point expressed in the poem, which is the absence of people from the city whilst the nature around flourishes. Wordsworth implies that the splendour of the city is a direct result of the exemption of people and the society they live in. We see this when he writes, All bright and glittering in the smokeless air. We will write a custom essay sample on London and Composed upon Westminster Bridge specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on London and Composed upon Westminster Bridge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on London and Composed upon Westminster Bridge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This gives the reader the impression of a tranquil, stunning and striking view of London, yet I feel Wordsworth is savouring this moment, with full knowledge that a sight so touching in its majesty will not last. Wordsworth is voicing an attack on the prevailing industry of the period when he writes smokeless air which implies that industry and people are destroying the nature, which is personified throughout the poem in this absence of people. The hyperbole Neer saw I, never felt, a calm so deep! suggests a more ominous, cynical tone where the city in all its beauty is asleep and its mighty heart lying still has yet to stir. Figuratively, when the sleeping beauty awakens it becomes a powerful wave tearing apart this nature and freedom. This is demonstrated by the image of the free-flowing river that exists in the city. There are some key contrasts and similarities developed in the poem London that is centred on the theme of suffering. Without delay we are struck with the use of I, therefore reading the poem through the eyes of the writer creating a more personal and intimate perception of London. As well as this Blake uses the traditional form of alternate rhyming lines to replicate the repetitive predictability of the circle of suffering. Another key contrast between the poems is the volume of people around the city. Blake uses the technique of repetition to reiterate and emphasize that this suffering is everywhere. We see this when he writes, In every cry of every man In every voice, in every ban. This gives us the impression that the poem is one of protest and the word ban in particular suggests an anti law attitude from Blake and a view that peoples freedom is compromised. Freedom is a key theme demonstrated in both poems however in completely different ways as Wordsworth presents the city with freedom whilst Blake portrays a city where its people and even children are enslaved. This is conveyed when he writes, The mind-forged manacles I hear. This suggests that it isnt just external restrictions that were placed upon the people of London, but they themselves allow those in power to place the restrictions by not fighting the injustice of it all and so the people are now powerless to change anything. Moreover Blake has effectively used alliteration to bring power to the sentence along with the word manacles, which gives a real feeling of restraint along with a graphic impression of unbreakable handcuffs on the hands of every man. This links with a saying by philosopher Rousseau, Man is born free, yet is everywhere in chains. This represents a key theme presented in Blakes poem, the idea of mans liberty being affected by capitalism and the state. This is made explicit when even the river, a natural phenomenon is chartered suggesting it is owned and corrupted. In comparison we see the river glideth at its own sweet will in Westminster portraying that nature has no restrictions and it is man and society that places these restrictions upon each other. Blakes poem demonstrates an attack on the church and institutions that he felt were corrupt and legitimized the suffering of children. This is shown when he has written, how the chimney sweepers cry, Every blackning church appals. This brings connotations of death along with the irony that the church is causing this suffering and death instead of bringing peace and unity to the world. The word blackning is particularly effective as it is a sinister colour and that of the soot asphyxiating the children as they sweep chimneys. It is completely dissimilar to the bright and glittering colour of Westminster and so I feel Blake is suggesting that the church is to blame for this. There is also the idea put forward in Wordsworths poem that these institutions have no conflict with nature. All the ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples lie open unto the fields which conveys a harmonious feeling between the two and that it is humans that produce and bring in this conflict. The last stanza, I feel, is connected to the blackning church and a sinister feeling is created by the use of the word midnight. The church is the main cause of prostitution, which leads people into a cycle of disease and suffering, inferred when he writes, How the youthful harlots curse, Blasts the new-born infants tear, and blights with plagues the marriage hearse. This conveys a message that from the start of their life, people are doomed to this cycle of devastation as a result of STDs. On reflection, the sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge has a delicate rhyming scheme that sets the appropriate tone to communicate the poets ideas. The poem is divided by the rhyming scheme presenting us with an octet and sextet. The first eight lines of the poem and their subtle ABBA rhyming scheme portray natural speech as well as suggesting harmony that is reflected in his depiction of the city. This changes and a stronger alternate rhyme is introduced inaugurating a more upbeat tempo to the poem giving it an unsettling, disconcerting feel. With this change comes the presentation of the poet and his thoughts and feelings when he writes, neer saw I which I feel strengthens his voice and opinions whilst producing a more individual account of his views. This complies with the normality of the sonnet technique, as most have a subtle change in either rhythm, pace or tone after the 8th line. In conclusion, both poems depict different views of the city, however unlike Blakes London, Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge contains underlying ideas and beliefs that I feel play a key role in revealing Wordsworths feelings and outlook. A key idea in Wordsworths poem is that, although things such as the city appear beautiful and free, this is not necessarily the reality. This conveys a contrast of appearance vs. reality. This is different to Blakes outlook that clearly portrays the suffering and corruption found in city life. In some aspects the poems, when read together, could be interpreted in a manner that Blakes London is exposing the hidden city presented in Wordsworths poem. The two poems share many common themes including corruption, freedom and restriction, facade and truth. Both writers, in my opinion, are criticising every aspect of society and together depict a strong message that society produces confines and corruptions in people and institutions. Its interesting to consider what Wordsworth and Blake would make of the big brother, nanny state in which London now exists.

Abortion Crtical Analysis misc essays

Abortion Crtical Analysis misc essays Ellen Willis has written this article based on personal views, opinions and experiences. She openly expresses that the issue of abortion is a womans issue and should therefore be discussed with the woman in mind. She accepts the fact that others consider abortion to be a life issue and understands their feelings as to why they argue this point. It is recognized very early on that Ms. Willis is a feminist arguing the fact the fetus occupies a womans body to become a human being. She is trying to emphasize that in the pursuit to save a fetus that the womans feelings, body and life are being forgotten. The article continues on arguing the point that the fetus should not be the sole consideration when arguing this issue. The subject of the responsibility of having sex with contraception was briefly discussed. Whether the responsibility is that of the mans or that of the womans could easily be the discussion of another article. Ms. Willis mentions this topic only to remind the reader that accidents do occur. Using the argument that if a person does not want to get pregnant in the first place that they should just use birth control. Unfortunately, the article reminds us that it is not that easy. This does not encourage that abortion should be used as birth control. She is reminding the reader that a woman should not be forced to have a child because the birth control method failed. Extremists seem to be of great concern in this article. Ms. Willis argues that one can not fight for life by destroying another. She wants people to understand that it is fine to have opinions. It is the actions of the extremist that are of concern. The article discusses that to put the life of a developing fetus as higher priority as a living human being is inconceivable. Ms. Willis then personalizes the issue by discussing the birth of her own child. She explains that she knows first hand what a t ...

Henry Grantt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Henry Grantt - Essay Example ("Wikipedia") Upon graduating from the John Hopkins College, Gantt worked as a schoolteacher and draughtsman. He then pursued mechanical engineering and was employed by Midvale Steel and Bethlehem Steel in 1887. In these companies, he worked as a management consultant in collaboration with Frederick W. Taylor, known as the father of Scientific Management. ("Wikipedia") Gantt became influential during the early 1900s when his proposed management theories and tools where broadly recognized in the world of business. As one of the pioneers of the Scientific Management movement, Gantt believes that management problems should be studied according to scientific methods. This entails the elimination of guesswork, setting a proper task for each man and allocating apt rewards for the achievement of assigned tasks. (Gaus) His most prominent legacy to the management discipline is the Gantt chart, an important tool in project management. Aside from this, Gantt also focused on developing motivational schemes, reward systems, methods of measuring efficiency as well as the importance of leadership qualities and management skills in building effective industrial organizations. ("Gurus") Gantt is recognized as a forerunner of the Human Relations School of Management. He "humanized" the prevailing salary scheme during those times, which was based on Taylor's piece-rate system, by developing a pay incentive scheme comprising of a guaranteed minimum wage plus bonus system ("Gurus"). With Gantt's proposed wage program, bonuses are provided for workers who accomplished their jobs in less time than the benchmark set (Higgins). This served as the motivating factor for workers to strive to become more productive in completing assigned tasks. He advocated this type of incentive scheme because he deemed that this would result in the congruency of interests of both employers and employees. He believed that organizational efficiency could be substantially enhanced by further improving the productivity of workers in the same pace as that of production technology. (Knoedler) In terms of employee training, Gantt disagreed with Taylor's vision that the purpose of training was primarily to assist employees in learning and perfecting rudimentary tasks. During his stint as management consultant, he permitted machinists to experiment with new methods until they were able to discover innovative means of improving their productivity and earning bonus based on the quality of their performance. (Knoedler) Given these findings, Gantt had indeed refined and expanded the human resource management theories asserted by Taylor (Henderson). Furthermore, he believed that all corporate undertakings should be in line with human nature. Gantt posited, "We cannot drive people; we must direct their development." ("Professional Development in Private Sector") Gantt's influence on wage incentive and training schemes is still remarkable until now. Nowadays, companies tend to relate their bonuses and other benefits on employee performance which in return is based on the meeting of specific objectives or targets set for each employee. Moreover, companies provide relevant trainings and seminars for

Music and I Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Music and I - Assignment Example Essentially, the playlist motivates me to be comfortable with who I am, not to succumb to fear, to have a positive outlook towards life, and to be thankful of the people who make my life worthwhile. The process of creating this playlist was informed by songs that have helped me overcome different types of challenges in life. The songs are arranged according to the importance they have played in my life in as far as my making me a better person and my overall wellbeing is concerned. Bob Marley’s â€Å"Redemption Song† is a solo recorded acoustic song with very interesting aspects. The beat in the intro is quite unique in that it seems disposable and is not repeated again throughout the song. The rhythms seem syncopated. The song ends on an unusual beat. The limited use of instruments in the song, considering that only an acoustic guitar is used further enhances the mood of the song. Bob’s tempo increases towards the bridge as if he is trying to really force a message on the listener. According to Sylvan (2002), although some songs are not religious in nature, they contain somewhat spiritual and religious messages. This song is one of those songs that helps me to identify with my inner self and focus on aspects of my spirituality thus improving my wellbeing. According to White (2010), the ability of people to achieve wellbeing usually depends on their geographical settings. Labi sang this song as a protest to apartheid and in a bid to encourage black people in South Africa not to give up despite the oppressive political environment. The vocals in this song are simply amazing. Labi has such a wide vocal range that it is difficult not to be drawn to the song even as a first time listener. The song serves as a form of encouragement to me whenever I feel like certain conditions are inhibiting my personal growth. I sing along to the song and I learn how to derive strength from my inner self and not to rely on other

Rizal in Macao Essay Example for Free

Rizal in Macao Essay Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his country for a second time in February 1888. He was then a full- grown man of 27 years of age, a practicing physician, and a recognized man-of-letters. The first time he went aboard in June 1882, he was a mere lad of 21, a youthful student in search of wisdom in the Old World, a romantic idealist with beautiful dreams of emancipating his people from bondage by the magic power of his pen. Times had changed. Rizal at 27 was an embittered victim of human iniquities, a disillusioned dreamer, a flustrated reformer. The Trip to Hong Kong. On February 3, 1888, after a short stay of six months in his beloved Calamba, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro. He was sick and sad during the crossing of the choppy China Sea. He did not get off his ship when it made brief stopover at Amoy on February 7. for three reasons: (1) he was not feeling well, (2) it was raining hard, and (3) he heard that the city was dirty. He arrived in Hong Kong on February 8. During his stay in Hong Kong, a British colony, Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt, dated February 16, 1888, expressing his bitterness. In Hong Kong, Rizal stayed at Victoria Hotel. He was welcomed by the Filipino residents, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte, (son of Francisco Yriarte, alcalde mayor of Laguna). A Spaniard, Jose Sainz de Varanda, who was a former secretary of Governor General Terrero, shadowed Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong. It is believed that he was commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy on Rizal. Hong Kong, wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on February 16, 1888, is a small, but very clean city. Many Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese, and Jews live in it. There are some Filipinos, the majority of whom being those who had been exiled to the Marianas Islands in 1872. They are poor, gentle, and timid. Formerly they were rich mechanics, industrialists, and financiers. Visit to Macao. On Feb 18, Rizal, accompanied by Basa, boarded the ferry steamer. Kiu-kiang for Macao. Macao is a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. â€Å"the city of Macao,† wrote Rizal, in his diary, â€Å"is small, low, and gloomy. There are many junks, sampans, but few steamers. It looks sad and is almost dead. † In Macao, Rizal and Basa stayed at the home of Don Juan. Francisco Lecaros, a Filipino gentleman married to a Portuguese lady. He was rich and spent his days cultivating plants and flowers, many of which came from Philippines. During his two-day sojourn in Macao, Rizal visited the theatre, casino, cathedral and churches, pagodas, botanical garden, and bazaars. He also saw the famous Grotto of Camoens, Portugal’s national poet. In the evening of February 19, he witnessed a Catholic, in which the devotees were dressed in blue and purple dresses and were carrying unlighted candles.

AES Corp Essay -- essays research papers

Strategy AES distinguishes itself through developing new products and applications at a low cost. It is committed to social responsibility and empowering its employees through its four main principles which include integrity, fairness, social responsibility and fun. It is â€Å"different† from other corporations because AES is focused on retaining its core values and culture as the corporation expands in size. The company’s sources of sustainable competitive advantage include technical leadership through its innovative research and development team and its worldwide network of distributors and strategic partners. AES is committed to penetrating international markets, specifically in developing or emerging economies, and constantly improving on product development. The case states that AES believes their competitive advantage is a result of its â€Å"agility or speed and its ability to commit to corporate equity and to arrange complex financial transactions.† Structure AES is operating in a network structure. In this structure, employees form groups to solve problems and achieve common objectives. Employees may volunteer for task forces, without any formal credentials, because they are interested in a particular subject or want to set effective company policies. Although employees are not given a formal career path at AES, they are given latitude to move up the career ladder within the company to other positions. The organization has five hierarchical levels, consisting of a set of divisional/regional managers, and three additional levels that exist in the plant. The plant organization consists of three levels: the plant manager, the seven area superintendents, and the front line people. The two cofounders decided â€Å"to avoid creating bureaucratic organizations resembling the government† because of their bad experiences working for the government. As a result, the structure of AES is highly decentralized. This allows managers and employees to both take ownership of their roles and have input on the success of the company. It also allows individuals to develop leadership skills for potential promotions. This flat management structure encourages high employee involvement in all decision-making opportunities. Systems The case revealed that AES uses four measures of performance; shared values, plant operations, assets and sales backlog. Shared values is described as how f... ...n address how to review the manual and make changes if necessary. Finally, the members of the HR manual task force should be adequately compensated for the time and effort they put into the project in addition to their regular job duties. A monetary bonus or compensatory day off will be required to reward them for their hard work and diligence. The next step for AES is to establish a human resource information management (HRIM) system. A HRIM system will allow employees to access information contained in the HR manual through a company intranet. A HRIM system could also help AES employees track their training and development, look for courses to take, search for job openings or cross training opportunities throughout the company, and locate benefit information. As AES plants become more geographically dispersed, a HRIM system will help to communicate the company’s values and strategy to all employees. References: 1.Organizational Alignment: The 7-S Model, Harvard Business School, November 19, 1996 2.Human Resources At The AES Corporation: The Case Of The Missing Department, Graduate School of Business Stanford University, February 1997; Mgt 7640 Course pack 3. www.aes.com